1 SECI
2 ba
3 knowledge assets
According to them there are two types of knowledge explicit and tacit.
Explicit knowledge is knowledge which can be stored in the form of data and can be expressed in the words, in the form of scientific formulae this knowledge is very easily transferable to other individuals and can be shared. .[ Ikujiro Nonaka 2005]
Tacit knowledge is a knowledge which can not be transferable easily to other individuals because it’s highly personal its an reflection of intuitions, individuals own experience and skills. .[ Ikujiro Nonaka 2005]
They also mentioned that western epistemology only consider explicit knowledge but both knowledge explicit an tacit are important for the creation of knowledge, without tacit knowledge explicit knowledge losses its meaning. [ Ikujiro Nonaka 2005]
What is SECI
Nonaka and his companion describe SECI as follows, the knowledge is created through the conversion between tacit and explicit thorugh this conversion this knowledge expands in both wise quality and quantity. SECI is an abbreviation of four words these are S stands for socialisation, E stands for externalisation, C stands for combination and the last one I stands for internalisation also figure 1 shows the SECI model created by [Nonaka 2005]
Figure 1
source http://mohamedaminechatti.blogspot.com/2007/06/icalt-2007.html
Explanation of the four mdes is as follows
Socialisation (from tacit knowledge to tacit knowledge)
In this individuals gain knowledge by spending time together or by living in the same environment, this kind of knowledge can be acquired by observing things individual can not learn tacit knowledge through textbooks or through any other written manuals.[ Ikujiro Nonaka 2005]
Externalisation (from tacit knowledge to explicit knowledge)
Externalisation is process in which tacit knowledge turns into explicit knowledge this can be done by doing storing the idea of individual in the form of image, words, figurative language, and visual.[ Ikujiro Nonaka 2005]
Combination (from explicit knowledge to explicit knowledge)
Combination involves the process in which explicit knowledge combines with an various elements of other explicit knowledge this can be done by communication, meetings and presentations.[ Ikujiro Nonaka 2005]
Internalisation (from explicit knowledge to tacit knowledge)
In this process individuals have to find out what knowledge they need within the organization.
BA
BA is a concept gave by Japanese philosopher and professor Nonaka use this concept for his SECI model of knowledge creation. According to Nonaka BA can be shared space in which individuals can share there ideas This space can be exist physically or virtually as shown in the figure 2 He also described four characteristics of ba which are as follows [ Ikujiro Nonaka 2005]
Figure 2
Source http://www.polia-consulting.com/A-Japanese-approach-of-KM-the-Ba.html
Originating BA
Is defined as individuals and face to face interactions.[ Ikujiro Nonaka 2005]
Dialoguing BA
Is defined as collective and face to face interactions. .[ Ikujiro Nonaka 2005]
Systemizing BA
Is defined as collective and virtual interactions. .[ Ikujiro Nonaka 2005]
Exercising BA
Is defined as using the information [Geytere T 2008]
Critical Analysis of SECI Model
As we know that SECI model is well known and is most accepted concept in knowledge management but there is some limitations in this model . I am quoting some of the criticism made by other writers in the litrature which are as follows
Stephen Gourlay from Kingston University he wrote that according to Nonaka tacit and explicit knowledge interaction depends on four mode of knowledge conversion is flawed but three modes have not supported by evidence that cannot be explained more simply .This model omit inherently tacit knowledge and use radicaly subjective definition of knowledge.
Another criticism made by one of my classmate according to him in nonak’s model Nonaka didn’t mention anything about culture by further adding he said that in japan employees stick with one job until there retirement but its varies in other countries [Samir Shaikh 2008 middlesex university]
My view on SECI Model
As I am working in retail industry I can’t find this theory be totally in practice within my organisation some of the points in practice in my organisation but some exist hypothetically or otherwise don’t exist why is that there is no proper way of sharing knowledge because in my organisation the number of employees are large and its not possible for higher management to go to each and every person and guide them and on the other hand if someone got knowledge about something they scared to share that knowledge with other colleagues the reason why is they might be think that if we transfer this knowledge to other may be they going to take there position e.g in my organisation there is no Externalisation process which is one of the modes of Nonaka’s model.
References
1 Retrieved March 3, 2008
http://www.cyberartsweb.org/cpace/ht/thonglipfei/exer_ba.html
2 Geytere T - Explanation of SECI model of Nonaka and Takeuchi [95] Retrieved 28 February 28, 2008
http://www.12manage.com/methods_nonaka_seci.html
3 I Nonaka, R Toyama, N Konno - Knowledge Management,2005 Retrieved February 27 ,2008
http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=YTrwo1MaVj4C&oi=fnd&pg=PA317&dq=%22Nonaka%22+%22SECI,+BA+AND+LEADERSHIP:+AUNIFIED+MODEL+OF+DYNAMIC+...%22+&ots=IxB4mENVzk&sig=mhrpurMcz80vIGEKyZ65PkiKNQ8#PPA333,M1
4 Stephen Gourlay Blackwell Publishing LTD 2006 assessed on 6 march 2008
http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2006.00637.x?cookieSet=1
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